CA2082423A1 - Apparatus and process for extracting espresso coffee - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for extracting espresso coffee

Info

Publication number
CA2082423A1
CA2082423A1 CA002082423A CA2082423A CA2082423A1 CA 2082423 A1 CA2082423 A1 CA 2082423A1 CA 002082423 A CA002082423 A CA 002082423A CA 2082423 A CA2082423 A CA 2082423A CA 2082423 A1 CA2082423 A1 CA 2082423A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
chamber
pressure
fluid
outlet
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002082423A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Howard W. Selby, Iii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ESPRESSO COFFEE Inc
Selsys Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2082423A1 publication Critical patent/CA2082423A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F5/00Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F5/24Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
    • A23F5/26Extraction of water-soluble constituents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/002Apparatus for making beverages following a specific operational sequence, e.g. for improving the taste of the extraction product
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/06Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor
    • A47J31/0657Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines
    • A47J31/0663Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines to be used with loose coffee
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • A47J31/34Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/4403Constructional details
    • A47J31/446Filter holding means; Attachment of filters to beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/4464Filter holding means; Attachment of filters to beverage-making apparatus by means of bayonet-type engagement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/44Parts or details or accessories of beverage-making apparatus
    • A47J31/46Dispensing spouts, pumps, drain valves or like liquid transporting devices
    • A47J31/461Valves, e.g. drain valves

Abstract

An improved process and apparatus for the extraction of espresso coffee from ground coffee beans in which the pressure of extraction is precisely regulated by a pressure valve (16) and is not dependent on coffee grind size, degree of compaction of the coffee grind, or operator skill. A feature of the invention is in an assembly of the brewing chamber (44) and regulator valve (48) for convenient removal and attachment to an expresso machine (10) as a unit (40) without otherwise modifying the machine. The assembly (40) is configurable with the regulator valve (48) within a common housing (41) which also defines the brewing chamber (44), or with a regulator valve (35) separate from the brewing chamber assembly (28) but attached to an outlet (33) of the brewing chamber (28).

Description

WQ 91/1~5 PCT/US91/03142 -1- 2~82~23 1 IMPROV~D APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR
2 EXTRACTING ESPRESS~ COFFEE

6 Related Application 8 $his i~ a continuation-in-part of copending patent 9 application Seri~l No. 0~/2~3,243 filed December 12, 1988 entitled IM~l~OVED PR~CESS FOR EXT~ACTING
ll ESPRESSO COFFEE by HOWARD W. SEL~Y, lII.

13 Picld o~ In~r.tior.

This invention relates generally to method~ and 16 devices for producing espresso coffee. More 17 particularly, the present invention relates to 18 methods and apparatus for consistently producing l9 high quality espresso coffee from ground co$fee beans in a manner that i8 relatively independent of 21 the skill of the espresso machine operator.

23 DescriPtion of ~rior Art Espresso coffee is brewed by forcing hot water 26 through finely ground coffee beans under high 27 pressure which extracts the coffee beverage from 28 the coffee bean~. ~oth the amount of ground coffee 29 beans and water are volumetrically measured. ln conventional espresso machines, the coffee beans 3l are finely ground, volumetrically measured and 32 carefully packed manually in a filter device. The 33 filter is thereafter attached to the espresso 34 machine.

36 That is, a conventional espresso coffee machine 37 typically employs from 5 to 8 ~rams per cup of . ~............. . . . ~ .
. . . ~. - . ., ~ , .
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.. . . . .
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!,;` . . . , . ' ' . ' ' ~ ' .

WO9ltl~5 PCT/US91/03142 2~8'~2'3 -2-1 ground coffee compacted in a device having a filter 2 basket which device is subsequently attached to the 3 espresso machine. 9etween 25 to 60 ml/cup of 4 heated water is forced through the ground coffee in the filter over a time period range of 15 to 35 6 _econds. The compacted coffee in the filter a~t~
7 as a restriction to the water flow, resulting in a 8 buildup of water ~ressure within the filter so that 9 water flows under pressure through the coffee and out an exit hole at the base of the filter.
11 : ' 12 Coffee brewing or extraction occurs as the water 13 paoseC throush ~h_ co.mpacted cofEee. Extraction 14 pressure is a function o~ the fineness of the coffee grind and the degree to which it i~
16 compacted in the filter. ~oth of these are 17 operator dependent resulting in quality variation~
lB in the extracted coffee based on the experience and 19 skill of the operator.
21 Hot wàter is ~orced through the filter by means of 22 a pump which is operated by hand or by means of an 23 electric pump device. The hot water is fcrced into 24 the ground coffee beans in the filter. The fineness of the cofSee grind and the degree of 26 compactlon thereof by the machine operator creates 27 a pressure differential across the ground coffee 28 beans- This pressure differenti~l varies ac~oss 29 the ground coffee beans from the highest on the inlet or upstream side of the ground coffee beans 31 to the lowest on the outlet or downstream side.
32 ~ecause of the pressure gradient, not all of the 33 ground coffee beans are subjected to the optimum 34 extraction pressure resulting in extraction inefficiencies which require use of larger volumes 36 of ground coffee beans.

91/16845 PCr/US9lJ03142 -3~ 2a~2423 1 The water, under pressure, is forced through the 2 coffee beans and extracts the coffee from the 3 beans. Extraction time is very short compared to 4 other coffee brewing methods. ~he extracted coffee drains through an opening in the bottom of the 6 filter and is collected in a cup for con~umption.
7 The pressure dif~erential in the filter is directly 8 r~lated ~o the grind of the coffee beans and the g degre~ of th~ir compaction.
11 The quality of the extracted coffee is a function 12 of the following: The freshness and quality of the 13 coffee beans; the fineness of the grind; the volume 14 of ground coffee beans; the compaction of the ground coffee beans; extraction t~me7 the volume of 16 water; the tem~erature of the water; and the 17 extraction pressure. ~he degree o~ compaction of 18 the ground coffee beans and thus the resultinq 19 extraction pressure are controlled by the espresso machine operator so operator skill plays an 21 important part in the quality of the coffee 22 produced.

24 A discussion of thè contemporary espresso coffee and its preparation is contained ln the January 26 l9a9 Tea 6 Coffee Trade Journal article entitled 27 ~Espresso: a jewel of flavor~ by Sturdivant, pages 28 30-34. In France and Italy, wh~re espre~o coffee 29 has been popular for years, there are many skilled espresso machine operatora. The chances of 31 obtaining a high quality of espres~o coffee from 32 such operators are above average. In other 33 countries where espresso coffee is growlng in 34 popularity, there is a scarcity of skilled operators and the resultant quality of espresso 36 coffee suffers. Thus there is a need for espres~o 37 coffee extraction processes and machines that do ` '. ' , ~
,. : .
,. : . .

., .
.

W091/1~5 2 ~ 2 ~ -4- PCT/US91/0~142_ l not rely on operator skill to produce high quality 2 espresso coffee.
4 U.S. patents 4,136,202 and 4,806,375 by Favre relate to sealed cartrid~es or capsules containing 6 a substance ~or making a beverage such as espres~o 7 coffee. These containers include a filter as part 8 of the floor thereof. An outlet opening is created 9 by pxessure induced failure of the capsule exterior. In 4,136,202, this is obtained through ll rupture of a C-shaped scoring in a lower baffle 12 whereas a plastic seam is caused to fail in 13 4,806,375.

In either case, the espresso coffee making function 16 i8 performed exactly as in the prior art once the 17 cartridge or capsule security is broken. This 18 means that an espresso machine operator using the l9 Favre type of containers is denied the opportunity to co~trol the compaction of the ground coffee.
21 Worse, the compaction of the coffee within the 22 containers is subject to disturbance in normal 23 handling prior to pl~cement in a machine. In 24 addition, the operator can only use coffee supplied in the containers, not any coffee.

27 It is desirable to eliminate the variability in 2B extraction quality based on extraction pressures 29 which is dependent upon operator experience and skill.

34 In view of the foregoing, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved espre6so coffee 36 extraction process in which the extraction pres~ure ,i WO91/1~5 PCT~US91/0314 2~2~2~
1 is precisely requlated by the espresso mach$ne and 2 iB not a function of operator skill.

4 It i~ a further object of this invention to provide an improved espresso coffee extraction process in which the pressure for coffee extraction i8 kept 7 constant throughout the ground coffee beans 8 resulting in optimum extraction from all the ground 9 coffee beans.
11 It is a further Gbject of this invention to provide 12 an improved espresso coffee extraction process in 13 which a relatively wide range of coffee bean grind 14 sizes is accommodated.
16 These and other objects of the invention are 17 accomplished in accordance with the principles of 18 the invention by use of an espresso coffee 19 extraction process in which the extraction pre~sure necessary to produce high quality espresso coffee 21 is not dependent on the compaction of the ground 22 coff~e beans by the operator. Th~ pressure is 23 controlled by a pressure valve on the outflow of 24 the filter which holds the ground coffee beans.
26 As in the conventional espresso coffee extraction 27 process, the volume of ground coffee and the volume 28 or water forced through the ground coffee are 29 volumetrically measured. Unl$ke the conventional process, however, the fineness of the coffee grind 31 u~ed in the improved process can range from a fine 32 espresso grind to a coarser or finer coffee grind.
33 In addltion, in the improved process, manual 34 compaction of the ground coffee beans is not needed.

' . ~ .

WO91/1~5 PCT/US91/03142~
~0~2~3 -6- ~
A measured ~lume ~f water, either hot or ~old, is 2 forced through the ground coffee beans as in a 3 conventional process. In the conventional process 4 the pressure required to extract the coffee Srom the ground beans is created by the compacted coffee 6 grinds which restricts the flow of water through 7 the coffee grinds until the water pressure iq high B enough to penetrate th~ harrier created by the 9 compacted ground coffee. The pre~sure varies throughout the ~round coffee beans starting at the ll highest level on the side of the water inflow to 12 the ground coffee and decreasing to zero pressure ~3 at the water outflow ooint.

lS In the improved process, however, the requisite 16 pressure results from a mechanical valve on the 17 outflow of the filter. A measured volume of water 18 is introduced into the filter which holds the l9 ground coffee beans. When the pressure reaches the optimum pres6ure for extraction, the valve 21 regulator begins to open allowing the water to pass 22 through the ground coffee beans. The pres~ure 23 throughout all the ground coffee beans i8 the same 24 - there is no pressure gradient. Because the optimum extraction pressure extends to all of the 26 ground coffee beans, less ground coffee beans are 27 required to make espresso coffee than conventional 28 methods.

Thus the invention employs a valve apparatus 31 associated with a brewing chamber assembly 32 including a regulator, downstream of the ground 33 coffee, which precisely controls extraction 34 pres~ure regard~ess of coffee grind size or coffee compaction, or incoming water supply pressure. The 36 operator simply places ground coffee in the brewing 37 chamber and attaches the regulator assembly to the , , , . . ~ , , ~O9~ 5 PCT/US91/03142 ~7~ 2~2~23 1 espresso machine. Water is introduced into the 2 brewing chamber as in prior espresso machines, but 3 rather than relying on the compaction of the ground 4 coffee to create the pressure barrier, the valve on the downstream side of the brewing chamber creates 6 the pre6sure barrier and only open~ to allow coffee 7 extraction once a predetermined pressure ~6 reached. Thus, the ideal pressure differential ~ Q
g maintained between the inlet and outlet of the brewing chamher.

12 The process for extractirlg espresso coffee from ground coff22 beans in accerdance witn this 14 invention starts with the step of placing ground coffee beans in a filter basket. Wat~r i8 then 16 moved through the ~round coffee beans ~n the fllter 17 bas~et. Finally, the pressure of the water is 18 controlled so the water surrounding the ground 19 coffee beans between the water inlet and the downstream outlet for the water after the water has 21 passed through the ground coffee beans is such that 22 the pressure differential thereacross remains 23 constant regardless of variations ln the inlet snd 24 outlet pressures, 26 Apparatus of this invention for extracting espresso 27 coffee from ground coffee beans includes a source 28 of pressurized liquid along with a pres~ure 29 regulating valve. The valve inlet receives the liquid and an outlet discharges lt. The valve 31 remains closed to liquid flow therethrough until a 32 predetermined pressure is reached between the inlet 33 and outlet and thereafter the valve begins to open 34 to allow liquid to flow therethrough while maintaining a constant pressure between the inlet 36 and outlet. A container receives the ground coffee 37 beans and includes a filter element ~or '' .
... . -..

.' ',' ' :~ ' W091/1~5 2 ~ 2 3 -8- PCT/US91/03142_ l establishing a closed path for flow sf the liquld 2 from the source through the beans and filter into 3 the valve inlet.
The pre~ent invention i~ an apparatus for 6 cooperatively interfacing with the source of 7 pressurized fluid for an espresso coffee machine.
8 It employs a chamber for receiving ground coffee g beans and including an inlet for receiving pressurized fluid from the espres~o machine source ll and an outlet for allowing fluid flow through the 12 chamber. A regulator valve has an input tcoupled l8 .o .he .h~tr~r outletj and an output. This 14 regulator valve responds to fluidic pressure at its input by blocking fluid passage between that input 16 and its output until a predetermined pressure is 17 reached. Thereafter it allows fluid flow between 18 its input and output with a flow magnitude adjusted l9 for maintaining constant pressure of the fluid at its input.

22 The brewing chamber filter prevents the ground 23 coffee beans from passing through the chamber 24 outlet with the fluid. In one configuration, the regulator valve includes a piston element movably 26 mounted between a fluid flow blocking position 27 relatiYe to the filter output and positions where 28 the amount of fl~id flow from the f~lter is 29 proportion~d to the distance of tbe piston element from the filter.

32 The pi~ton element is normally biased towards the 33 fllter with a force requiring pressure on the 34 piston element from the fluid in the chamber at a level equal to or greater than the aforementioned 36 pred~termined F~res~ure- Th~ biasing of the piston 37 allows fluid flow from the chamber outlet in , ~
'. ' ' '' ~' ' '. . ' '' ~ ~ ' ' - ~ . . .
; .
- . ;
, W~91/1~5 2 Q 8 2 ~ 2 3 PCT~US91/03142 1 quantities proportioned to the amount of flow 2 supplied so long as it is supplied while the 3 pressure on the chamber fluid exceeds the 4 predetermined pressure.
6 The regulator valve can employ a plate having at 7 least one fluid passageway therethrough mounted in 8 intervening relation to the piston element and 9 filter. ~y us~ of a central opening through the piston element, the piston eIement can move so as ll to block its central opening by engaging a portion 12 of the plate displaced from the fluid passageways 13 whe~ the Dres~l~rç on the cha~bcr fluid : 6 1~66 thar.
l4 the predetermined pressure.
16 An advantageous feature of the present invention is 17 that it can utilize a housing for retaining the 18 filter and regulator valve as a unitary assembly.
19 This permits manual attachment and rsmoval of the chamber with respect to an espres~o coffee machine 21 with the chamber inlet in fluidic communication 22 with the espres~o machine pressurized flu~d source.

24 Those having normal skill in the art will recognize th~ for~going and other objects, features, 26 advantages and applications of the present 27 invention from the following more detailed 28 description of the preferred embodiments a~
29 illustrated in the accompanying draw~ngs.
31 BRIEF l)ES(:RIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

33 FIG. l is an illustration of an espresso machine 34 improved in accordance with this invention.
36 FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the improved espresso 37 coffee extraction process.

''"`':'''' ';: .. , ' ', - ' . ~

.

2 U 8 2 ~ 2 3 -lo- PCT/US91/03142_ l FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the liquid flow 2 within an espresso machine in accordance with this 3 invention.
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an 6 embodiment incorporating a brewing chamber and 7 regulator assemb~y in a common housing.
g FIG. 5 is a section~d view of the filter and r~gulator assemb]y of FIG. 4 with the valve in the ll closed position.

13 FIG. 6 is a sectioned view of the ~IC. 9 fi1tDr and 14 regulator assembly with the valve in the fully open position.

17 FIG. 7 is an isometric view of another embodiment l8 of the present invention.

2~ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
~1 , . .
22 Referring now to the drawings, there i9 shown in 23 FIG. l a partial view of an espresso coffee machine 24 lO showing an assembly 12 which includes a ground coffee bean filter 14, a pressure regulation valve 26 mechanism 16, and a handle lS for manually removing 27 and attachin9 assembly 12 to machine lO. The 28 final espresso coffee product extracted from 29 assembly 12 is dispensed from outflow spout l8 for collection in cups 20. F~G. 2 i~ a flow chart of 31 the step~ in the process of extracting e6presso 32 coffee which includes the lmproved process. The 33 following discussion references both figures.

At step lOO coffea beans are ground by any suitable 36 contemporary device or technique. The grind 37 accommodated in the improved process includes a .,~.. . . . . . . .
. . ' , , . : ' , . . . . ..

. . .

; : ~ . : . : .
, . . . .

~0 91/1~5 -11- 2 ~ ~ 2 4 2 3 PCT/US91/03142 1 range from grind sizes finer than conventional 2 e~presso coffee grinds to the grind sizes coarser 3 than conventional espresso coffee grinds. At step 4 101 a measured volume of the ground coffee beans is S placed in the filter 14 of the assembly 12. Unlike 6 conventional espresso extrac~ion proce~ses, the 7 ground coffee does not require compaction in the 8 filt~r 14.
At st~p 102 ~ me~sur~d qu~ntity of water is moved 11 through the qround coffee beans in the filter 14.
12 ~ater pressure builds within th~ filter until a 13 pre~etermined preosure leve' i. reach~d. The 14 particular pressure level is based on the optimum extraction pressure for a given volume and 16 temperature of water.

18 When the optimum pressure is reached (eg.: in the 19 range of 7 to 12 bars), regul~tor valve mechanism 16 on the outflow of the filter opens ~step 103A) Zl allowing the extracted espresso coffee to begin 22 flowing from the filter 14. As indicated by step 23 103B, the regulator valve 16 thereafter controls 24 the amount of flow from the filter 14 80 that a relatively constant pressure is maintained within 26 the brewing chamber and across the filter 14.
27 There are a variety of commercially available 28 pressure regulating valves available which are 29 suitable for valve 16, such as a Speedaire Model No. 2X947A, Dayton Electric Manufacturing Co,, 31 Chica~o, Ill. 66fi48. ~he machine outflow spout 18 32 is down~tream of the ground coff~e beans and 33 regulator valve 16. At step 104 the extracted 34 espresso coffee i~ distributed for collection in either or both of cups 20.

... ,....... . - .
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W091/1~5 PCT/US91/0~142 _ ~g2 ~ ~ 12 l In the improved proces~ of extraction pursuant to 2 this invention, extraction pressure i~ controlled 3 by the valve mechanism l6 ana not by a variable 4 such as the degree of compaction of the ground coffee beans as in a conventional process.
6 The brewing chamber and regulator asBembly l2 as 7 shown in FIG. 1 has an exterior appearance which i6 8 superficially similar to the filter ~tructure of a g traditional espresso machine utilizing a handle and housin~.

12 FIG. 3 schematic~lly depicts the fluid flow pattern 13 thro~h sn espresco coff2e machine modiLied in l4 accordance with the present invention. A boiler or other source 25 introduces heated water under 16 pressure to brewing chamber 28 via inlet 26. The 17 water temperature for hot espresso extraction is 18 typically 86C to 92C which is comparable to the l9 water temperature often used in prior srt espresso ~achines. The ground coffee 30 i8 placed in the 21 lower basket of chan~er 28. A filter ~not shown in 22 FlG. 3) associated with the floor 32 of chamber 28 23 separates coffee 30 from outlet 33. The filter 24 generally has a porosity equivalent to contemporary espresso machine filters.

27 Regulator valve 35 is coupled in intervening 28 relation between outlet 33 of chamber 28 and 29 exhaust pipe 36. Whenever the pressure ins$de chamber 28 and thus at chamber outlet 33 exceeds a 31 pr~determined level, regulator valve 35 opens and 32 allows the fluid flow from outlet 33 into pipe 36 33 to commence. Valve 35 thereafter adjusts the 34 volume of fluid flow so as to maintain the pressure 3s at outlet 33 and thus within chamber 28 relatively 36 constant regardless of changes in the flow through ~`
~ .

. :~, ' , : , "

~O91/1~5 PCT/US91/03142 :~ -13- 2~2423 1 chamber 28 for whatever reason, Ultimately the 2 extracted espresso coffee is collected in cup 38.

4 An embodiment of a preferred form of a filter and regulator valve assembly 40 in accordance with this 6 invention is shown in FIG. 4 with its operation 7 illustrated in FIGs. 5 and 6. A flat metal B strainer screen 42 is positioned in the bottom 9 portion of the brewing chamber 44 within the housing 41 and is held in place by a flat screen 11 lock ring 45. Ground coffee beans placed in the 12 brewing chamber 44, sit on top of the flat metal 13 strainer screen 42 and the ccreon pr~ er.ts ~rour.d 14 coffee from entering the valve mechanism 4B.
16 A valve ring 50 is positioned on the bottom side of 17 the flat metal strainer screen 42. This part is 13 held to the housing 41 by means of three screws 19 such as screw 51. It has several flow holes 52 (shown as 52A and 52~ in FIGS. 5 and 6) through 21 which liquid coffee flows after extraction. The : 22 valve ring 50 preYents deflection of the flat metal 23 stralner screen 42.

A pressure gasket 54 is located between the top of 26 the he~d 58 of piston 55 and the bottom side of the 27 valve ring 50. Gasket 54 seals the valve ring 50 28 flow holes 52 when the piston 55 is pres~ed against 29 the bottom of the valve ring 50. A piston retainer 1 30 ring 56 encircles the head 58 of the piston 55 and : 31 provides a guide in which piston 55 moves.

33 Round sprin~ washers 61-63 shown in the bell-type ` 34 configuration sit atop flat washer 64. Washers 61-64 surround and locate piston 55 within annular 36 recess 65 ~note FIG. 5) which form6 a channel to ... , . ...... .. .. . . . . . ~ .
`" ' ', ,. ' , ' ' , ' ~ '' ', ~ ' :'' ', ,`' ' -~ 0 8 2 4 -14- PCT/US91/03142~

l seat washers 61-64 in housing 41. Spring~ 61-63 2 force the top surface of the head 58 of piston 55 3 against the bottom side of the pressure gasket 54.
4 A force is exerted onto the top of piston head 58 when water under pressure is introduced into the 6 brewing chamber 44. The spring washers 61-63 7 compress allowing displacement of pi~ton 55 in a 8 downward directior,.
The piston head 58 has a greater circumference than ll th~ stem 59 which has a hole 60 through its center 12 and extending alonq its length, through which 13 liquid can flow. ~hat is, flow channel 60 is the l4 channel through the piston which ~upports coaxial liquid flow once the piston is displaced in a 16 downward direction.

18 Ground coffee is placed in brewing chamber 44 on l9 top of the flat metal strainer screen 42, but the user need not compact the coffee grounds. The 21 regulator assembly 40 is attached to the espresso 22 machine. Water, under pressure, is introduced into 23 the brewing chamber 44. The valve mechanism 48 of 24 the invention is initially in the shut position as is best seen in PIG. 5. Pressure builds within the 26 brewing chamber 44 until a predetermined pressure 27 is reached. For the extraction of espresso coffee 28 the ideal pressure is approximately l25 psi.

When the predetermined pressure i~ reached, the 31 spring washers 6~-63 begin to compre6s allowing the 32 piston 55 to displace in a downward direction. ~y 33 using constant force springs, pressure will remain 34 constant independent of flow. The pressure gasket 54 effectively transfers the pressure present on 36 the fluid in outlet ports 52 to the upper face of 37 head 5B of piston 55. Piston head 58 moves ;,. :, . ' . ' ' .

WO91/1~5 -15- PCT/US9l/03142 2a~2423 1 downwardly to increase liquid flow from chamber 44 2 thereby reducing the pressure in chamber 44 until 3 equilibrium is reached with the force of springs 4 61-63. Further, gasket 54 deflects with movement of the piston head 58 allowing liquid to flow 6 through the outlet formed by valve ring flow holes 7 52 into coaxial channel 60.

g The liquid continues to flow through flow channel 60 which ext~nds coaxi~lly through the interior of ll piston 55 and exit~ out the bottom of piston 55.
12 Valve 48 thereafter functions as a regulator valve.
13 That is, the auantity of flow through valv2 48 is a 14 function of the amount of compression of spring washers 61-63 which, in turn, is a function o the 16 pressure on the heated water present in brewing 17 chamber 44.

19 When water flow to the brewing chamber 44 ceases, the pressure within chamber 44 decreases eventually 21 dropping below the predetermined valve pressure.
22 At this point the spring washers 61-63 decompress 23 forcing the pi5ton 55 and pressure gasket 54 24 against th~ bottom side of the valve ring 50. ~his action seals the valve ring flow holes 52 and stops 26 the flow of liquid by returning the structure to 27 the FIG. 5 configuration.

29 The predetermined pressure under which the valve 48 33 open~ is b~sed on the ideal extraction pressure 31 needed for brewing a particular kind of cof~ee.
32 Since the valve 48 only remains open when this 33 pressure is maintained, extraction or brewing only 34 occurs when the ~roper pressure exists within the brewing chamber 44.

: . : . . :, - . . , . . ,:,, , . . . . -WO91/1~5 PCT~US91/03142_ 20~2~3 -16-l Note that housing 4~ in F~G. 4 has a handle 43 2 attached thereto and camming ears 46 and 47 on 3 either side of its upper exterior surface. This 4 accommod~tes att~chment to mating structure on the espresso machine with a tight seal by inserting the 6 camming ears into a slot and turning the assembly 7 horizont~lly as is conventional. The threaded 8 collar 66 ~note FIGS. 5 and 6) is arranged to g secur~ an appro~riate output pipe for delivering th~ fluid to re~iving cups, containers, or the ll like.

13 FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of this l4 invention employing a filter and regulator assembly 70. ~ousing 71 includes a br~wing chamber 72 with 16 a filter screen associated with its bottom outlet 17 73. In this configuration, the regulator valve 75 18 is attached to outl~t 73. Con~ercially available l9 valves such as the fipeedaire Model No. 2X947A from Electric Manuf~cturing of Chicago, Illinois are 21 suitabl~ for valve 75. The outlet of valve 75 is 22 attachable to a spout for dispensing to a 23 receptacle. ~andle 76 and camming ears such as 7~
24 accommodate sealed attachment of assembly 70 to an ~spresso machine similar to that described above 26 for FIG. 4.

28 While the exemplary preferred embodiments of the 29 present invention are described herein with particularity, those having normal skill in the art 31 will recogniz~ various changes, modifications, 32 additions and applications other than those 33 specifically mentioned herein without departing 34 from the spirit of this invention.
36 What is claimed is:

3~

. , . . . . . .: ; . ,, . . . ,. . . :. :

: . . .: . . : -. ~ ::. i ,- '. ~. ' ' :': :''

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 3 September 1991 (03.09.91) original claims 1-4,9,11-18 amended; other claims unchanged (6 pages)]

1. An improved process for extracting espresso coffee from ground coffee beans comprising the steps of:
placing ground coffee beans in a container having an inlet and an outlet;
providing a pressurized source of water, sensing the water pressure of said source of water, moving water from the container inlet through said ground coffee beans and into the container outlet only when the water pressure of said source of water reaches a given magnitude; and thereafter controlling the pressure of said water surrounding said ground coffee beans between the container water inlet and the downstream water outlet so that the water pressure differential across the ground coffee beans remains constant regardless of variations in the inlet and outlet pressures as water moves through said ground coffee beans.

2. Apparatus for extracting espresso coffee from ground coffee beans comprising:
a source of pressurized liquid;
a normally closed pressure regulating valve having an inlet for receiving said liquid and an outlet for discharging said liquid, said valve remaining closed to liquid flow therethrough until a predetermined pressure is reached between said inlet and said outlet, said valve thereafter opening to allow flow of said liquid from said inlet to said outlet, and said valve thereafter maintaining a constant pressure between said inlet and said outlet; and means for receiving a container having said ground coffee beans and a filter for establishing a closed path for flow of said liquid from said source through said beans and said filter into said valve inlet when said valve is open.

3. Apparatus for cooperatively interfacing with the source of pressurized fluid for an espresso coffee machine comprising:
means having a chamber for receiving ground coffee beans and including an inlet for receiving pressurized fluid from the espresso machine source and an outlet for allowing fluid flow from said chamber, and normally closed regulator valve means having an input coupled to said chamber outlet and an output, said regulator valve means responding to fluidic pressure at said valve input by blocking fluid passage between said valve input and said valve output until a predetermined pressure is reached and thereafter allowing fluid flow between said valve input and said valve output with a flow magnitude for maintaining constant pressure of the fluid at said valve input.

4. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 wherein said chamber includes filter means for preventing the ground coffee beans from passing through said chamber outlet with said fluid flow.

5. Apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein said regulator valve means includes a piston element movably mounted between a fluid flow blocking position relative to said chamber outlet and positions where the amount of fluid flow from said chamber outlet is proportioned to the distance of said piston element from said chamber outlet, and means biasing said piston element towards said chamber outlet with a force requiring pressure on said piston element from the fluid in said chamber at a level equal to or greater than said predetermined pressure.

9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 3 which includes a housing retaining said chamber and said regulator valve means in operative relation to one another as a unit, said housing including means for removably attaching said unit to the espresso coffee machine with said chamber inlet in fluidic communication with the source of pressurized fluid.

10. Apparatus in accordance with claim 9 wherein said housing includes means for manually attaching and removing said unit from the espresso coffee machine.

11. Apparatus for regulating the flow of fluid through the chamber of an espresso coffee machine, said chamber including a chamber inlet, a chamber outlet, and an arrangement for retaining ground coffee beans therein with a filter for allowing pressurized fluid to pass to the chamber outlet while blocking passage of the ground coffee beans comprising:
fluid input means coupled to the chamber outlet, and normally closed pressure responsive means responsive to the pressure of the fluid at said input means for blocking fluid passage therethrough until the fluid pressure at said input means reaches a predetermined magnitude and for responding to fluid pressure at said input means greater than said predetermined magnitude by allowing fluid flow therethrough of a magnitude for thereafter maintaining the fluid pressure at said input means substantially constant.

12. Apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein said pressure responsive means includes a plate having at least one solid portion and a plurality of passageways therethrough for interfacing with said filter, a piston having a head, an opening in said head, and a fluid flow channel through said piston from said opening in said head, a housing mounting said piston for movement between a first position wherein said piston head opening is closed by abutment with said plate solid portion and a second position wherein said piston head opening is open and displaced from said plate solid portion for allowing fluid to flow from said plate passageways into said piston fluid flow channel, and means biasing said piston towards said plate solid portion with a force corresponding to said predetermined pressure magnitude.

WO 9l/16845 -28- PCT/US91/03142 13. Apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein said biasing means is a spring positioned to cooperate between said housing and said piston head for forcing said piston head against said plate solid portion.

14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 13 which includes a flexible gasket having an opening therethrough with said housing including means mounting said gasket between said plate and said piston head with said gasket opening in alignment with said piston head opening for sealing said plate passageways while transmitting the fluid pressure on said plate from the chamber to said piston head.

WO 91/16845 -29- PCT/US9l/03142 15. Apparatus for extracting espresso coffee from ground coffee beans comprising means having a chamber for receiving the ground coffee beans and having an inlet and an outlet for accommodating fluid flow through said chamber, means for introducing pressurized fluid in said chamber through said inlet thereof, and normally closed regulator valve means coupled to said chamber outlet for allowing fluid flow from said chamber only after the pressure of said pressurized fluid equals a predetermined pressure and for thereafter controlling the amount of flow of said fluid through said regulator valve means so as to maintain a substantially constant pressure on said fluid between said chamber inlet and outlet.

16. Apparatus in accordance with claim is for use with an espresso coffee machine which has a source of pressurized fluid, said apparatus further including housing means for retaining said chamber and said regulator valve means in fluidic communication relative to one another, said housing means further including means for manually attaching said chamber inlet in sealed relation to the pressurized fluid source.

17. Apparatus in accordance with claim 16 wherein said housing means retains said chamber and said regulator valve means in a common shell.

18. Apparatus in accordance with claim 16 wherein said housing means includes means for removably retaining said regulator valve relative to said chamber.
CA002082423A 1990-05-07 1991-05-07 Apparatus and process for extracting espresso coffee Abandoned CA2082423A1 (en)

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US07/519,630 US5127318A (en) 1988-12-12 1990-05-07 Apparatus and process for extracting espresso coffee
US519,630 1990-05-07

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EP0531400A4 (en) 1993-11-10
JPH05507016A (en) 1993-10-14
EP0531400A1 (en) 1993-03-17
US5127318A (en) 1992-07-07
WO1991016845A1 (en) 1991-11-14

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